Review sheet 10 the appendicular skeleton – Embark on an in-depth journey through review sheet 10, where we unravel the intricate tapestry of the appendicular skeleton. This skeletal framework, a marvel of biological engineering, plays a pivotal role in our ability to move, support, and interact with the world around us.
Join us as we delve into its components, functions, and clinical significance.
Prepare to be captivated by the harmonious interplay of bones, joints, and muscles that orchestrate our every movement. From the delicate bones of the upper limbs to the robust structure of the lower limbs, the appendicular skeleton stands as a testament to the wonders of human anatomy.
1. Introduction
The appendicular skeleton comprises the bones of the upper and lower limbs, which are responsible for movement and support.
2. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Limbs, Review sheet 10 the appendicular skeleton
- Clavicle: A slender bone that connects the sternum to the shoulder joint.
- Scapula: A flat, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade.
- Humerus: The long bone of the upper arm.
- Radius: One of the two forearm bones, located on the thumb side.
- Ulna: The other forearm bone, located on the little finger side.
- Carpals: Eight small bones that form the wrist.
- Metacarpals: Five long bones that form the palm.
- Phalanges: Fourteen bones that form the fingers.
Lower Limbs
- Femur: The long bone of the thigh.
- Patella: The kneecap, a small bone that protects the knee joint.
- Tibia: The larger of the two lower leg bones, located on the shin side.
- Fibula: The smaller of the two lower leg bones, located on the calf side.
- Tarsals: Seven bones that form the ankle.
- Metatarsals: Five long bones that form the midfoot.
- Phalanges: Fourteen bones that form the toes.
3. Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Limbs, Review sheet 10 the appendicular skeleton
The joints of the upper limbs include:
- Shoulder joint: A ball-and-socket joint that allows a wide range of motion.
- Elbow joint: A hinge joint that allows flexion and extension.
- Wrist joint: A condyloid joint that allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
- Finger joints: Hinge joints that allow flexion and extension.
Lower Limbs
The joints of the lower limbs include:
- Hip joint: A ball-and-socket joint that allows a wide range of motion.
- Knee joint: A hinge joint that allows flexion and extension.
- Ankle joint: A hinge joint that allows plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.
- Toe joints: Hinge joints that allow flexion and extension.
4. Muscles of the Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Limbs, Review sheet 10 the appendicular skeleton
- Deltoid: A muscle that abducts the arm.
- Biceps brachii: A muscle that flexes the elbow joint.
- Triceps brachii: A muscle that extends the elbow joint.
- Brachioradialis: A muscle that flexes the forearm.
- Flexor carpi radialis: A muscle that flexes the wrist joint.
Lower Limbs
- Gluteus maximus: A muscle that extends the hip joint.
- Hamstrings: A group of muscles that flex the knee joint.
- Quadriceps: A group of muscles that extends the knee joint.
- Gastrocnemius: A muscle that plantar flexes the ankle joint.
- Tibialis anterior: A muscle that dorsiflexes the ankle joint.
5. Clinical Significance: Review Sheet 10 The Appendicular Skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is susceptible to various injuries and disorders, such as:
- Fractures: Breaks in the bones.
- Dislocations: When bones are forced out of their normal position.
- Arthritis: A condition that causes inflammation and pain in the joints.
- Osteoporosis: A condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle.
Question & Answer Hub
What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton provides support, protection, and mobility to the limbs, enabling movement and interaction with the environment.
How many bones are there in the upper limbs?
The upper limbs, consisting of the arms and hands, contain 30 bones in total.
What type of joint allows for the widest range of motion?
Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder joint, offer the greatest freedom of movement in multiple planes.
